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- The
Distinct Realities
- for the Divinely Prescribed
- Daily Prayers
(As-Salat)
- 1. The
seriousness of this article demands that we seek refuge in the Most
Compassionate and the Most Merciful Allah, from our avowed enemies - the Satan
and his progenies.
-
- 2.
Let us begin in the name of Allah - the Most Compassionate and the Most Merciful.
Nothing can exist without His Compassion and no Truth can manifest upon
us without His infinite Mercy.
-
- 3.
As-Salat (in Urdu Namaz), is a name for the divinely prescribed obligatory
daily prayers that
we Muslims are supposed to perform. These prayers are our direct link to Allah.
There is no intercessor or mediator in these communications. Reciting of these daily prayers has been
enumerated, since the advent of Islam, as one of the essential fundamental pillars of Islam.
-
4.
Upon the diligent examination of the Revealed
Verses of the Qur'an, for the establishment of the divinely prescribed daily prayers
(Iqamat-as-Salat), one finds the following THREE prayers that are
explicitly mentioned with their respective distinct timings of establishment.
وَأَقِمِ الصَّلاَةَ طَرَفَيِ
النَّهَارِ وَزُلَفاً مِّنَ اللَّيْلِ
- And establish regular prayers at the two ends of the day and at the
approaches of the night. Sura Hud (11), 114.
Translation by Yusuf Ali
- These THREE daily prayers are:
Fajr prayer recited at dawn and Maghrib prayer at the sunset - the
two ends of the day; and the third one is the 'Isha prayer recited at
the early nightfall.
-
- "Verily, Prayers are enjoined upon the Believers at
times
assigned in a written document"
- Qur'an
4: 103 (4: 104
in some translations).
- 5.
We are also prescribed the observance of fasting
As-Saum
during the DAY, from dawn to
dusk.
Our fasting
begins just before the Fajr prayer and ends with the Maghrib
prayer. We do not end our fasting with the Zohr prayer
at Mid-day or the 'Asr prayer in the Late-afternoon. Hence, it would be
erroneous to substitute the Maghrib prayer with the
Zohr or the 'Asr.
-
Even from the social point of view the working DAY begins with sunrise and ends
with sunset.
- The plural Zulafun
(translated as approaches) used in the
phrase Zulafamminal-layl of the above verse, applies to the noun "night"
and does not apply to the "prescribed prayers".
-
- 6.
The verse quoted below Commands that we should recite or speak out our daily prayers,
neither in a loud tone nor in the low tone but in the MIDDLE TONE.
This is an explicit, unambiguous Command and that leaves NO ROOM for reciting
any of our Daily Prayers
SILENTLY. To do
so, after knowing this explicit text, amounts to deliberate defiance or
disobedience of the Allah's Command.
-
- وَلاَ تَجْهَرْ بِصَلاَتِكَ وَلاَ
تُخَافِتْ بِهَا وَابْتَغِ بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ سَبِيلاً
And neither speak thy Prayer aloud nor speak it in a low
tone but seek a middle course between. Sura Al-Israa (17) verse 110
Translation by Yusuf Ali
- It is no coincidence that the early parts
of ONLY THESE THREE DAILY PRAYERS viz.,
Fajr, Maghrib and 'Isha are recited in audible
middle tone. Unlike these three
prescribed prayers
the other prayers, viz., the Zohr and 'Asr are recited by the Pesh Imams,
SILENTLY.
-
- Some time back I asked a learned Muslim
friend, who often leads the prayers at private gatherings; Why he was not
reciting the Zohr and 'Asr prayers in the audible tone like
the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers? The response I got back was that
we Sunni Muslims are supposed to follow the Sunnah (the legal way or
ways) of the Prophet (s.a.s.) and the Prophet used to recite these two prayers
silently. If that was the Reality for a Muslim, then the next question that
needs to be addressed is; Can the
Sunnat-ur-Rasool (Prophet's Law) take precedence over the Sunnat'ullah
(Allah's Law)? Besides, how can a believer in Allah's Word
reconcile the verse number 6: 50 that reads:
"Say, [O' Muhammad]... I but follow what is revealed to me." And,
the verse
number 10: 64 that reveals: "No change can there be in the
Words of Allah. This is indeed the supreme Felicity." If the
Prophet did recite a recitation silently then it was a HAMD i.e., the silent
GLORIFICATION, but not a SALAH. As for NOT following the Revealed Verses and
instead following the ways of our forefathers, please read:
"When they are told to follow the (revelation) that
Allah has sent down they say: "Nay we shall follow the ways that we found our
fathers (following)." What! even if it is Satan beckoning them to the Penalty
of Fire! Qur'an 31: 21. If we were to follow the Qur'an and not the
forefathers, then within the Qur'an that we have there are
COMMANDS OF Allah for the
ESTABLISHMENT of the THREE
PRAYERS ONLY by their NAMES!!
- 7.
Strictly guarding (observing timings) of the "middle prayer"
is a Divine Command of Allah:
حَافِظُواْ عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ
والصَّلاَةِ الْوُسْطَى وَقُومُواْ لِلّهِ قَانِتِينَ
- Guard strictly your (habit of)
prayers especially the middle prayer and stand
before Allah in a devout (frame of mind). Sura Al-Baqarah 2: 238.
Translation by Yusuf Ali
- There is no specific Revelation that
distinctly defines the
ESTABLISHMENT OF FIVE SALAT as prescribed for the THREE SALAT in verse 11: 114.
Hence the "middle
prayer" is the Maghrib. This fact is further established by the
reason
that
the above Command demands that this "middle prayer" must
be observed at
the precise time. Even
during the era of the prophet (when there were no clocks and watches), it was not difficult
for the followers to observe the setting of the sunset and guard the timings. On the other hand to guard the precise timing for 'Asr was not that simple.
This verse number 2: 238 also supports the earlier verse 11:
114.
-
-
Note: There are verses for
reciting H'amd - Glorifying Allah
"at the sun's decline and in the noonday" - e.g., 30:18,
they too are incumbent upon Muslims. Also, there are verses that speak
of remembering Allah at all times. We shall examine these
verses little later.
- 8.
Below are some noteworthy translations
and commentaries for the verses 78/79 of Surah Al-Israa (17). The
Arabic text is ONE but the translations appear to be significantly diversified.
أَقِمِ الصَّلاَةَ لِدُلُوكِ
الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ
كَانَ مَشْهُوداً وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ
بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَى أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَاماً مَّحْمُوداً
- Translation by Mohammed M. Pickthall:
- Establish worship at the going down of the sun until
the dark of
night, and (the recital of) the
Qur'an at dawn. Lo! (the recital of)
the Qur'an at dawn is ever witnessed. And some part of the night awake for it,
a largess for thee. It may be that thy Lord will raise thee to a praised
estate. Qur'an 17: 78-79.
-
-
Translation by M. H. Shakir:
- Keep up prayer from the declining of the sun
till the darkness of the night
and the
morning recitation: surely morning recitation is witnessed. And during
a part of the night, pray Tahajjud beyond what is incumbent on you; may be
your Lord will raise you to a position of great glory.
-
- Translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali:
- Establish regular prayers at
the sun's decline till the darkness of the night and
the morning prayer and
reading: for the prayer and reading in the morning carry their testimony. And
pray in the small watches of the morning: (it would be) an additional prayer (or
spiritual profit) for thee: soon will thy Lord raise thee to a station of Praise
and Glory!
- Commentary: Note number 2275 by Abdullah
Yusuf Ali:
-
-
The Commentators understand here (is) the
command for the five daily canonical prayers, viz.: the four from the
declination of the sun from the zenith to the fullest darkness of the night,
and the early morning prayer, Fajr, which is usually accompanied by a reading
of the holy Qur'an. The four afternoon prayers are: Zuhr, immediately after
the sun begins to decline in the afternoon; 'Asr, in the late afternoon;
Magrib, immediately after sunset; and 'Isha, after the glow of sunset has
disappeared and the full darkness of the night has set in.
There is difference
of opinion as to the meaning of particular words and phrases, but none as to
the general effect of the passage.
-
-
Webmaster's Recent Note: The Arabic
word Salat in the beginning of this Verse, after the imperative Command
ESTABLISH, is in the SINGULAR form. The last alphabet " ta"
is the closed one, used with the Singular form. Pickthall, Asad, Shakir &
Arberry have used the Singular form.
-
- Translation by
M. Muhsin Khan and M. T. Al-Hillali:
- Perform As-Salat (Iqamat-as-Salat)
from mid-day till the darkness of the night
(i.e. the
Zuhr, 'Asr, Maghrib,
and 'Isha'
prayers), and recite the Qur'an in the early dawn
(i.e. the morning -
Fajr
prayer).
Verily, the recitation of the Qur'an in the early dawn is ever witnessed
(attended by the angels in
charge of mankind of the day and the night).
And in some parts of the night (also) offer the Salat (prayer) with it
(i.e. recite the Qur'an in the
prayer), as an additional prayer (Tahajjud optional prayer
- Nawafil) for you (O Muhammad). It may be that your Lord will raise
you to Muqam Mahmud (a station of praise and glory, i.e.,
the honour of intercession on the Day
of Resurrection).
-
- Translation by Muhammad Asad:
- BE CONSTANT in [thy] prayer from the time when the
sun has passed its zenith till the darkness of night,
and [be ever mindful of its]
recitation at dawn: for, behold, the recitation [of prayer] at dawn is
indeed witnessed [by all that is holy]. And rise from thy sleep and pray
during part of the night [as well], as a free offering from thee, and thy
Sustainer may well raise thee to a glorious station [in the life to come].
-
- Commentary: Note number 95 by Muhammad Asad:
-
As is evidenced by the practice (sunnah)
of the Prophet, this verse fully circumscribes the five daily prayers laid
down in Islam as obligatory for every man and woman; at dawn (fajr), shortly
after the sun passes its zenith (zuhr), in the middle of the afternoon ('asr),
immediately after sunset (maghrib), and after the night as fully set in
('isha'). Although parts of the Qur'an should be recited in every prayer,
the
early morning prayer is metonymically singled out as the "recitation (qur'an)
at dawn" because the Prophet, under divine inspiration, used to lengthen his
recitation while praying at that time, thus stressing the special significance
of this particular prayer.
-
- Translation by Arthur J. Arberry
(1905-1969). Arberry was a professor of Arabic and Head of the Near and Middle
East Department at London University. I have included Arberry's translation at
the very end, which happens to be a literal work by a non-Muslim scholar, for
a comparative study.
- Perform the prayer at
the sinking of the sun to the
darkening of the night and the recital of dawn; surely the recital at the dawn
is witnessed. And as for the night, keep vigil a part of it, as a work of
supererogation for thee; it may be that thy Lord will raise thee up to a
laudable station.
-
- After examining the
extensively diversified translations we discover that
some translators have attempted to present the literal translations
faithfully, without any gloss. Others have either superimposed or substituted the literal
translation with
their personal beliefs. The words such as "from the zenith" or "passed its
zenith" do not appear in revealed text itself. The verse 110 of the same Surah
(17) has a COMMAND from Allah to Pray in MIDDLE TONE and not silently.
- Nay, We have conveyed to them the Truth: but
they indeed practice Falsehood! Qur'an 23: 90.
- THINK... which were the Prayers recited by the Prophet in the
Middle (audible) tones
and why?
- Were the ones recited TODAY SILENTLY, the
SALAATS (Salawat) to be Established or HAMDS?
-
- Upon further study one discovers that the sources for
the personal opinions of the translators who write for THE ESTABLISHMENT OF
THE FIVE PRAYERS do not lead us to
verses of the Qur'an.
- Their source material happens to be the
re-reported "Sayings of the Prophet" - better known as the
Hadeeths - which were collected from the orally transmitted narrations and
compiled centuries after the passing of the Prophet (s.a.s.). One such popular Hadeeth
with graphic details, which is often quoted by the Imams is reproduced below.
The text reproduced below is copied from the computer CD - ALIM. Compilation
by Imam Bukhari, Volume 1, Narration 345, Narrator Abu Dhar, Classification;
PRAYER: How Prayer was prescribed. The Arabic text of this Hadeeth appears in the published book - Volume
One, Book Eight, The Book of As-Salat, Hadeeth number 349. Please read
below the quoted text from Al-Bukhari and also read with an open mind the
six notes at
the end.
- Text of Al-Bukhari's Hadeeth No. 345 (349):
- Allah's Apostle said, "While I was at
Mecca the roof of my house was opened and Gabriel descended, opened my chest,
and washed it with Zam-zam water. Then he
brought a golden tray full of wisdom and faith and having poured its contents
into my chest, he closed it. Then he took my hand and ascended with me to the
nearest heaven, when I reached the nearest heaven, Gabriel said to the
gatekeeper of the heaven, 'Open (the gate).' The gatekeeper asked, 'Who is
it?' Gabriel answered: 'Gabriel.' He asked, 'Is there anyone with you?'
Gabriel replied, 'Yes, Muhammad is with me.' He asked, 'Has he been called?'
Gabriel said, 'Yes.' So the gate was opened and we went over the nearest
heaven and there we saw a man sitting with some people on his right and some
on his left. When he looked towards his right, he laughed and when he looked
toward his left he wept. Then he said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious
son.' I asked Gabriel, 'Who is
he?' He replied, 'He is Adam and the people on his right and left are the
souls of his offspring. Those on his right are the people of Paradise and
those on his left are the people of Hell and when he looks towards his right
he laughs and when he looks towards his left he weeps.'
- My personal note:
- The souls of all the dead will be raised
on the 'Day of Resurrection'. Thereafter they all will appear before Allah
(S.W.T.) for the Judgment. New bodies will be given to these souls, records of
their deeds will be given by the angels in their hands. Thereafter, they will
be sent to the Paradise or to Hell. That 'Day of Judgment' has not yet
arrived. That seriously questions the authenticity of Hadhrat Adam's
"laughing" and "weeping". Please continue reading the Hadeeth...
- Then he (Gabriel) ascended with me till he reached
the second heaven and he (Gabriel) said to its gatekeeper, 'Open (the gate).'
The gatekeeper said to him the same as the
gatekeeper of the first heaven had said and he opened the gate. Anas said:
"Abu Dhar added that the Prophet met Adam, Idris, Moses, Jesus and Abraham, he
(Abu Dhar) did not mention on which heaven they were but he mentioned that he
(the Prophet) met Adam on the nearest heaven and Abraham on the sixth heaven.
Anas said, "When Gabriel along with the Prophet passed by Idris, the latter
said, 'Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious brother.' The Prophet asked, 'Who is
he?' Gabriel replied, 'He is Idris.' The Prophet added, 'I passed by
Moses and he said, "Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious brother.' "I asked
Gabriel, "Who is he? "Gabriel replied, "He is Moses." Then I passed by Jesus
and he
said, "Welcome! O pious brother and pious Prophet." I asked, "Who is he?"
Gabriel replied, "He is Jesus." Then I passed by Abraham and he said,
"Welcome! O pious Prophet and pious son." I asked Gabriel, "Who is he?"
Gabriel replied, "He is Abraham." The Prophet
added, "Then Gabriel ascended with me to a place where I heard the creaking of
the pens." Ibn Hazm and Anas bin Malik said: The Prophet said, "Then Allah
enjoined fifty prayers on my followers. When I returned with this order of
Allah, I passed by Moses who asked me, 'What has Allah enjoined on your
followers?' I replied, 'He has enjoined fifty prayers on them.' Moses said,
'Go back to your Lord (and appeal for reduction) for your followers will not
be able to bear it.' (So I went back to Allah and requested for reduction) and
He reduced it to half. When I passed by Moses again and informed him about it,
he said, 'Go back to your Lord as your followers will not be able to bear it.'
So I returned to Allah and requested for further reduction and half of it was
reduced. I again passed by Moses and he said to me: 'Return to your Lord, for
your followers will not be able to bear it. So I returned to Allah and He
said, 'These are five prayers and they are all (equal to) fifty (in reward)
for My Word does not change.' I returned to Moses and he told me to go back
once again. I replied, 'Now I feel shy of asking my Lord again.' Then Gabriel
took me till we reached Sidrat-il-Muntaha (Lote tree of the utmost boundary)
which was shrouded in colors, indescribable. Then I was admitted into Paradise
where I found small (tents or) walls (made) of pearls and its earth was of
musk."
My personal note:
- 1. The Qur'an reveals that the future
is known to ALLAH ALONE (see 27:65, 72:26). Prophet Moses who did not know the
future - alike Prophet Muhammad, could never claim he knew the future
or he knew beyond what the Giver of the Command knew. The entire base of the
conversation between the two Prophets is founded upon Moses foretelling: "your
followers will not be able to bear it".
That is being seriously questioned.
-
- 2. The Narration relates that Allah did
originally Command 50 prayers, then reduced them to 25 prayers, then again
reduced them to 12.5 prayers and finally reduced them to 5 prayers. However,
within the same narrated text Allah Declares before the Prophet "My Word does not change".
This Declaration questions authenticity of reduction story.
-
- 3. It is inconceivable that
Prophet Muhammad a messenger and slave of Allah could even open his mouth
before his Master - the Rabbul 'Alameen, except to say Labbaika wa sa'daika meaning; "I respond to your call and I am obedient to your orders."
Repeated approaches and repeated demands for reduction by the Prophet are most unlikely.
-
- 4.
فَبِأَيِّ حَدِيثٍ بَعْدَهُ
يُؤْمِنُونَ
Transliteration: Fabi-'ayyi
Hadeethim-ba'-da-hou yu'-minoun. Translation: In what
statement Hadeethi, after this [Qur'an], will they believe?
Surah 77 : 50. Allah requires us to have full faith
in His Revealed Hadeeth - Statement.
-
- 5.
While going through the entire text of this critical narration we DO NOT FIND
any speech by the Prophet addressing his followers on the subject or any
command by the Prophet asking his followers that Five Daily Prayers were made
obligatory upon them.
-
- 6. We do not find any speech by the
Prophet informing the followers to recite the Three Prayers mentioned by name
within the REVELATIONS to be recited in the middle tone and the additional two
prayers received personally by him from Allah
to be recited silently.
-
- The Teaching of Christ Jesus overshadowed by the
Letters of Paul (Saul).
- The Words of Allah overshadowed by the Legend of
Bargaining by Bukhari.
- Establish Salaats at
fixed hours that have been prescribed in a written document (Kitaaban
Mawqot). Qur'an 4: 103.
- Within the written document sent to the
Believers, there are Three Salaats and other are Hamds.
- The Realities for
Various Prayers:
-
- 1.
I have asked, for over a period of ten years or more, several Imams and
Islamic Scholars as to how many Daily SALAATS (As Salaawat) are
prescribed within the Qur'an. Almost all have identified only THREE SALAATS
by their respective names. Recently, in response to the posting of the Part
One of this article, the knowledgeable Muslim net surfers have also
indicated the same number. Here are those THREE SALAATS with their names, to
be established by Muslims:
-
- A) Salat ul Fajr in
verse 24: 58 صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِِ
-
- B) Salat ul 'Isha in verse
24: 58 صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاء
c) Salat ul Wusta
(literally the "middle prayer") in verse 2: 238 الصَّلَوَاتِ والصَّلاَةِ
2. No
one has so far identified the FIVE DAILY SALAATS by their names, from the
Qur'an.
3.
The identifications of the Farj prayer recited at Dawn
and 'Isha prayer recited in the early nightfall have not been
questioned. The opinions do differ as to which is the "middle prayer".
- Salat ul Wusta
: Since Allah (S.W.T.) has identified only THREE Salaats, the
"Middle Prayer" has to be in between the
Fajr and 'Isha prayers. Is it the 'Asr prayer -recited in
the late afternoon or the Maghrib prayer -recited at sunset? There is
a serious problem with opting the 'Asr prayer as the prescribed
Middle Prayer. The person who opts for 'Asr would be reciting TWO out
of the 3 prescribed prayers in the "Middle Tone"
and this prescribed 'Asr prayer "Silently". He (she included) cannot
honestly justify that inconsistency in obeying Allah's command for reciting
the prescribed prayers in the "Middle Tone". On
the other hand, one who opts for the Maghrib will have the
satisfaction of diligently obeying Allah's Command.
-
- A couple of years ago, I asked a
visiting Imam; Why are we reciting Zohr and 'Asr silently when
the Allah Commands us to recite the Salaats in the
"Middle Tone"? His response was that due to extra vigilant
activities of the enemies of Islam, during the early advent of Islam, the
Prophet used to recite the Day Time Salaats silently. The Prophet did not
want the Kuffars (non-believers) to hear our Salaats and criticize
them. When I conveyed that response to a friend of mine, he immediately drew
my attention to the Friday NOON SALAAT (see details below), which has
always been recited in the audible "Middle Tone". The call for the Friday
Salaat (Adhan) inviting Believers was also announced from the top of
the Prophet's Mosque. This historical fact indicates that the response given
by the Imam does not hold the ground. The tradition of reciting the early
part of a prescribed Salaat in the "Middle Tone" and the rest of it
"Silently" has its roots in the books of
Islamic jurisprudence (law) called FIQH - specifically Fiqh-us-Sunnah.
And, the base of these rulings also go back to the re-narrated Hadeeths.
-
- Salaati miny-yawmil
Jumu'ati (Friday Noon Prayer):
-
- يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا
إِذَا نُودِي لِلصَّلَاةِ مِن يَوْمِ
الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْعَوْا إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَذَرُوا الْبَيْعَ
ذَلِكُمْ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ُ
- O ye who
believe! When the call is heard for the prayer of the day of
congregation, haste unto remembrance of Allah and leave your trading.
That is better for you if ye did but know. Surah Al-Jamu'ah (62):
9
- Allah (S.W.T.) has used the same term
"Salaat" for this Prayer. The same term He has chosen for the THREE
prescribed Prayers. It is NO coincidence that this Jumuah Salaat is
ALSO recited in the "Middle Tone". This fact
supports the belief that the Divinely Prescribed Salaats are to be recited
in an audible tone and other prayers, praises, du'as and
glorifications "Silently".
-
- Celebrating the
Praises of Allah at various times:
-
- O ye who believe!
celebrate the praises of Allah and do this often; And glorify Him morning
and evening. Qur'an 33: 41-42
-
- So glory be to Allah
when ye enter the night and when ye enter the morning-- Unto Him be praise
in the heavens and the earth--and at the sun's decline and in the noonday.
Qur'an 30: 17-18
-
- Therefore (O Muhammad)
bear with what they say: and hymn the praise of thy Lord before the rising
and before the setting of the sun; And in the night time hymn His praise:
And after the (prescribed) prostrations.
Qur'an 50: 39-40
- Remember the name of thy
Lord at morn and evening. And worship Him (a portion) of the night. And
glorify Him through the long hours of night.
Qur'an 76: 25-26
-
- And glorify Him in a
part of the night, and also as the stars fade away.
Qur'an 52: 49
-
- Bring your Rabb to
remembrance deep in your soul with humility and in reverence below your
breath (without raising your voice), both in the mornings and in the
evenings; and be not of those who are heedless.
Qur'an 7: 205
The above verses do Command the Prophet and
those who fear Allah and those who are not heedless to celebrate the Praises
of their Rabb (Creator & Sustainer), to remember Allah and Glorify Him
at the above mentioned times. Glorifying Allah at the sun's decline, in the
noon-day and in the night time is also incumbent upon the Believers. We are
reminded of the additional prayers that are being recited individually and
silently, after the prescribed daily prayers. Remembering Allah silently
(below the breath) - the Internal Meditation, is also upheld. I have not
included every verse on this subject since some of them are repetitions of the
Message.
- Optional Prayers for
the Spiritual Progress:
-
- Surely your Rabb knows
that you stand in prayers nearly two- thirds of the night, and sometimes
one-half or one-third of it, so do others among your companions.
- Qur'an 73: 20.
And pray in the small
watches of the morning: (it would be) an additional prayer (or spiritual
profit) for thee: soon will thy Lord raise thee to a station of Praise and
Glory! Qur'an 17: 79.
-
- These Additional and Optional Prayers
are mostly recited individually in homes and silently.
Salat ul Kasuf (Prayer of the
solar and lunar eclipse):
This is very important...
- In the month of Ramadan, on Wednesday
October 27, 2004, I went to a Mosque in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
to break my Fasting (Saum) and participate in the Maghrib Salaat.
That evening happened to be the day of Total Lunar Eclipse in North
America. The Imam recited a special Salat ul Kasuf (a very lengthy
prayer of two extended Raka'ts) followed by Khutbah.
- Since there is nothing in the
Qur'an on this tradition of offering this Special Prayer of Eclipse, his
entire sermon was based upon the recorded Hadeeths in circulation and
Fiqh-us-Sunnah.
-
- I have reproduced below some of these
texts in circulation. Please read carefully and
reflect.
- A quote from the Book of
Fiqh-us-Sunnah Volume 2, Number 34A.
- "The scholars
agree that the prayer of the eclipses is a sunnah mu'akkadah,
a stressed one, which is to be
performed by both men and women. It is best to pray it in
congregation although the congregation is not a condition for it."
-
- A quote from the Book of
Fiqh-us-Sunnah Volume 2, Number 36A.
- "If you see that
[an eclipse] supplicate to Allah, extol His greatness, give charity and
pray." They also record from Abu Musa that there was a solar eclipse and
the Prophet said: "If you see
something of this nature, rush to the remembrance of
Allah, supplicating Him and asking His forgiveness."
Fiqh-us-Sunnah Vol. 2, No. 36A.
- "Fiqh-us-Sunnah" means the
Islamic Jurisprudence based upon the Prophetic Traditions, which in turn
are based upon the prevalent "Sayings" - the Hadeeths.
-
- Sunan of Abu-Dawood, Hadeeth Number
458, Narrator Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:
- There was an eclipse
of the sun in the time of the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him). The
Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) stood up [here the narrator has
described the details of the extended rak'ah] and he did similarly in
the second rak'ah, he then puffed
in the last prostration saying; Fie, Fie! He then said: My Lord, didst
Thou not promise me that Thou wouldst not punish them so long as I will
remain among them? Didst Thou not promise me that Thou will not punish
them so long as they continue to beg pardon of Thee. The Apostle of Allah
(peace be upon him) finished the prayer, and the sun was clear.
Compilation by Muslim,
Hadeeth Number 445, Narrated by Bibi Aisha
- So when you see them
(solar or lunar eclipse), hasten to prayer. He (Prophet Muhammad) also
said this: "Observe prayer until
Allah dispels the anxiety (of this extraordinary phenomenon) from you".
- Compilation by Al-Bukhari,
Hadeeth Number 7-676,
- Narrated by Abu Bakra Thaqeefi.
- The solar
eclipse occurred while we were sitting with the Prophet. He got up
dragging his garment (on the ground) hurriedly till he reached the mosque.
The
people turned (to the mosque) and he offered a two-Rak'at prayer whereupon
the eclipse was over and he traced us and said, "The sun and the moon are
two signs among the signs of Allah,
so if you see a thing like this
(eclipse) then offer the prayer and invoke Allah till He remove that
state."
-
- Compilation by Al-Bukhari,
Hadeeth Number 2-158,
- Narrated by Abu Bakra Thaqeefi.
- Allah's Apostle said:
"The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the signs of
Allah and they do not eclipse because of the death of someone
but Allah frightens
His devotees with them."
-
Note: Please do not confuse this narrator with the prominent Caliph
Abu-Bakr As-Siddiq (R.A.). Abu Bakra Thaqeefi and his companions were
punished with lashes, according to the Qur'anic laws by the Caliph Umar
bin-al-Khatab, for leveling the unsubstantiated charges of adultery against
the Governor of Basra Mugheera. Abu Bakra admitted he could not establish
the charges. His evidence was rejected by Calipha Umar. It is surprising
that Bukhari has recorded seven or more other Hadeeths from Abu
Bakra. Authenticity of Some of them is also doubted.
Realities of the Solar and Lunar Eclipses:
-
Today we know that whenever the Moon passes
through some portion of Earth's Outer Shadow penumbra or the Inner
Shadow umbra, we have the partial or the total eclipses.
-
The Moon has no light of its own. It shines
due to the reflection of sunlight from its surface.
-
Since the motions of Sun, Moon
and Earth are constant we know that there will be two lunar eclipses in the
year 2005, visible from the North America, on April 24 and October 17, 2005.
-
-
Please read and reflect upon what we are told
by Allah (S.W.T.) in the Qur'an:
- It is He (Allah)
Who created the Night and the Day and the sun and the moon:
all (the celestial bodies) swim
along each in its rounded course.
Qur'an 21: 33.
-
- The
sun and the moon
follow courses (exactly) computed
(by Allah). Qur'an 55: 5.
-
- Seest thou not
that Allah merges Night into Day and He merges Day into Night; that
He has subjected the sun and the
moon (to His Law) each running its course for a term appointed: and
that Allah is well acquainted with all that ye do?
- Qur'an 31: 29.
-
- It is not
permitted to the Sun to catch up the Moon nor can the Night outstrip the
Day: each (just) swims along in
(its own) orbit (according to Law). Qur'an 36: 40.
-
- He has subjected
the sun and the moon to His law,
each one following a course for an appointed term. Is not He the
All-Mighty, the All-Forgiving? Qur'an 39: 5.
- Since the day of the creation of this
Universe the Sun, the Moon and our Earth have been travelling in the courses
pre-ordained by Allah the Creator
and Sustainer. And, their movements are
not in the least associated or
influenced by our Deeds, Prayers or Charities.
- To claim that phenomena of the Solar and
Lunar Eclipses are the expressions of Allah's Wrath and Allah would not
dispel these calamities until we pray and give donations is ascribing
Falsehood in the name of Allah. It is also the Rejection of Allah's Truth
based upon the QUR'AN. Can the 'Secondary Document of Islam' take precedence
over the 'Primary Document'?
- Can we give the Sunnat-ur-Rasool
or the Fiqh, priority and precedence over the Sunnatullah?
-
- Serious Note:
- Come next Eclipse on April 24, 2005 and
those who have never reflected upon the practices of their forefathers and
have been reciting these Salat ul Kasuf (prayers of solar and lunar
eclipses) behind their Imams since childhood will have no problem reciting
these extra prayers.
-
- TODAY, there are millions of Muslim
Brothers and Sisters who have joined Islam and they do REFLECT. Allah says:
"We explain (expound) the Signs in detail for people
who reflect." 10: 24. Many of these reverted Muslims who do reflect
upon the Islamic Rituals are sure to question; Why
would Allah introduce this Prayer of Eclipses with His Deen - Islam, when it
is an undisputable fact that these Eclipses are the COMPUTED EVENTS OF HIS
CREATIONS???
-
- THOSE WHO REFLECT MUST KNOW THE FACT
THAT THIS PRAYER IS NOT INTRODUCED BY ALLAH... We are often reminded that
Obeying Allah and Obeying the Rasool is the
Command of Allah. Accepted, but in the same verse it says;
"If you differ in anything" first refer to
Allah and then to Rasool and then to those charged with authority (Imams).
WHOM ARE YOU GOING TO OBEY?
-
- In the end I earnestly request all to
read the following verses carefully and REFLECT...
- When it is
said to them: "Follow what Allah hath revealed" they say: "Nay! we shall
follow the ways of our fathers."
What! even though their fathers were void of wisdom and guidance?
Qur'an 2: 170
-
- And when Our
clear revelations are recited unto them they who look not for the meeting
with Us say: Bring a Lecture other
than this, or change it. Say (O Muhammad): It is not for me to
change it of my own accord. I only follow that which is inspired in me.
Lo! If I disobey my Lord I fear the retribution of an awful Day.
Qur'an 10 : 15
-
- "But whosoever
turns away from My Message verily for him is a life narrowed down and
We shall raise him up blind on the
Day of Judgment." He will say: "O my Lord! why hast thou raised me
up blind while I had sight (before)?" (Allah) will say:
"Thus didst thou when Our Signs
came unto thee disregard them: so wilt thou this day be
disregarded." Qur'an 20: 124/125/126
- Those who are
bent on denying the truth and on
barring (others) from the path of Allah -- all their (good) deeds will He
let go to waste. Qur'an 47: 1-2-3.
- Jazak Allah Khair for reading the
article and contemplating upon the Revealed Texts.
- May the Most Compassionate and Merciful
Allah forgive me if I have erred.
-
- Disclaimer: I am neither an Imam nor a
Learned Scholar. I have expressed my personal views for your own judgment
and verification. Remember: Allah's Guidance Is The Only Guidance.
- I am open to suggestions...
-
- Akbarally Meherally
- A Brother's comment...
(November 27, 2004)
dear brother in islam,
salamun `alaykum. greetings to one all. i
trust you all enjoyed the just-concluded month of fasting are now ready to
continue ... doing good works!
here are my brief comments on the paper,
"The Distinct Realities for the Divinely Prescribed
Daily Prayers (As-Salat)" by our learned brother and defensor fidei
(defender of the faith), Akbarally Meherally. thank you for sharing this
article with me.
i am in general agreement with the tenor of
the paper and the reasonings of the author, since i myself have
independently come to these conclusions many years ago.
it is abundantly clear that shaykh meherally
has critically examined the issue of the Islam's canonical prayers,
beginning with the sacred Qur'an, including multiple translations and
associated commentaries, before moving down to the next level in the
authoritative hierarchy, that is, the prophetic tradition.
however, there is
hole in his analysis that needs to be addressed, and maybe, he is
currently thinking how to fill that gap; what i am referring to here is the
jumu`ah salah referred to in 62:9: "you who believe,
when the call is heard for the prayer of the day of congregation, haste unto
the remembrance of Allah and leave your trading. that is better for you if
you did but know."
it could be prudently reasoned that this
midday prayer is unique only to fridays--the day of congregation. but i have
not seen any evidence that this is suggestion is authentic.
now, here are some additional observations:
- it is clear that the noble Qur'an has
explicitly mandated three ritual prayers;
- there is no agreement among the scholars
regarding the "middle prayer;" in fact, each of the five prayers is regarded
by some as the middle prayer.
- personally, i
view salah al fajr as the middle prayer, on the basis that the lunar day
begins the evening before;
- the five prayers currently in force is
not necessarily an aberrant arrangement, since Allah has told us: obey Me
and obey the prophet (multiple times), and also, 'he who obeys the prophet
obeys Me.'
- again, Allah has given us in the noble
Qur'an the mandatory procedures for wudu', and the prophet has (for good
reasons) expanded those fard actions, with a few additional requirements,
something which should not be considered unusual, since he has been duly
instructed to teach us our rituals and religious ceremonies;
- what is not quite transparent from the
scriptural texts is the historic development of the ritual prayers; that is,
how did Islam move from "three" authorized prayers to "five."
- the author quote that long hadith from
bukhari which purports to explain the "five" but, as he correctly pointed,
that hadith is suspect and questionable;
- as a consequence of this "rather long
hadith report", it could be argued that the scholars
have stretched 17:78-79 to incorporate four prayers: zuhr, `asr, maghrib,
and `isha', as suggested by hilali and muhsin khan.
this is all for now ... until later, when i
may have more to say. but, before i go, i do want to
thank shaykh akbarally meherally for being one of those who truly think,
ponder, and pay heed to Allah's words and His Hadith as narrated in the His
sacred Book, al Qur'an al karim.
amin ya rabbul alamin
- Saying
"Ameen" after the Imam in the Salaat:
-
- A
Hadith by Al-Bukhari, Vol. 6, Number 2, in CD ALIM; Vol. 1, Book of Adhan
(10), Number 112. Narrated by Abu Hurairah. Please read the following text
that's related to Salaat and reflect...
- Allah's Apostle said,
"When the Imam says: 'Ghair-il-Maghdubi 'Alaihim Walad-Dallin
- (i.e. not the path of
those who earn Your Anger, nor the path of those who went astray,' (1.7)),
then you must say, 'Ameen', for if
one's utterance of 'Ameen' coincides
with that of the angels, then his past sins will be forgiven."
-
-
Glorious Qur'an: "...and who can forgive sins except
Allah?" 3: 135
-
The following text added on December
8, 2004:
Upon examination of the prescribed rites of
worship within the earlier nations (communities), we discover that Allah
S.W.T. had prescribed to the followers of Moses THREE DAILY RITUAL
(STANDING) PRAYERS. Jews from all over the world observe them facing the
direction of Jerusalem. These prescribed prayers are called Amidah.
The morning prayers are known as Shacharis, the late afternoon
Mincha and the one observed before going to bed as Ma'ariv. The
Fifth Book of Moses called Deuteronomy of the (Jewish Bible), records that
Prophet Moses had commanded his followers to include their capsule credo -
the brief confession of faith called "Shema Yisrael" , in their Three
Daily Prayers. The text of Shema translates: "Hear, O Israel: The
Lord is our God, the Lord alone." (Deuteronomy 6: 4). In the Book of
Daniel (6: 10) it is recorded that Daniel used to get down on his knees
three times a day to pray to his God.
We also know from the Bible that the earlier
prophets used to "fall on their
faces and prayed" like we do; e.g., Prophet Abraham (Geneses 17: 3);
Prophet Job (Job 1: 20); Prophet Moses and Aaron (Numbers 16: 22); Prophet
Jesus (Matthew 26: 39). Peace be upon all prophets.
In the next two verses of the Qur'an (22: 68
and 69) it was revealed to the Prophet (s.a.s.):
- If they argue with
you, say: "Allah knows best all that you do." Allah will judge between
you on the Day of Resurrection concerning the matters in which you
differ.
- I wish to end this article with a
crucial thought provoking DIVINE MESSAGE to MUSLIMS:
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَشْتَرِي
لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ
عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ
وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُواً أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ
عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ {6} وَإِذَا
تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا
وَلَّى مُسْتَكْبِراً كَأَن لَّمْ
يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ وَقْراً فَبَشِّرْهُ
بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ {7
-
- Among the people
there are some who purchase
Ridiculous Hadeeths so that they may lead people away from
the Way of Allah, without any
knowledge (of its true source), and take the invitation to the
Right Way as a mockery. For such people there will be
a humiliating punishment.
When Our revelations
are recited to such a person, he turns his face away in arrogance
as if he did not hear them
or as if his ears are sealed: announce to him the news of
a painful punishment.
- Qur'an Surah Luqman (31): 6-7
- Further notable verses of the
Qur'an added on December 14, 2004:
-
- Allah is the
Light of the heavens and the earth. The parable of His Light is as if
there were a Niche, in which there is a lamp, the lamp is enclosed in
crystal, the crystal is of a star like brilliance, it is lit with the
olive oil from a blessed olive tree which is neither eastern nor western,
its very oil would almost be luminous though no fire touched it - as
though all the means of increasing Light upon light, Allah guides to His Light whom He
pleases. Allah cites such parables to make His message clear to the
people; and Allah has knowledge of everything.
His Light is found in those houses
which Allah has sanctioned to be built for the remembrance of His name;
where His glory is extolled,
in the mornings and in the
evenings - by such people whom neither business nor business profit
can divert from the remembrance of Allah,
nor from establishing Salah
and nor from paying Zakat, for they fear the Day of Judgement when hearts
will be overturned and eyes will be petrified, who hope that Allah will
reward them according to the best of their deeds and add for them even
more out of His grace: for Allah gives without measure to whom He pleases.
Qur'an 24: 35-36-37-38
Little further in verse 41 it is
revealed:
Do you not see that
Allah is the One Who is praised by all those who are in the heavens and in
the earth? The very birds praise Him as they wing their flight.
Each one knows indeed how to pray
unto Him and how to praise Him, and Allah has full knowledge of all
their actions.
- Note: Within the hi-lighted
portions of verse 35 to 38, one notices that
in the mornings and in the
evenings is mentioned. There is
no mention of "the afternoons" associated with the Mosques -
houses which Allah has sanctioned
to be built for the remembrance of His name.
- The verse 41 identifies two objects -
salatahou and tasbeehah
- the Prayers and the
Praises.
- A serious Hadeeth
from Bukhari on Zohr and 'Asr Prayers:
-
-
-
- The above exceptional question and its
typical answer is repeated by Bukhari in four other Hadeeths. These narrations raise three
critical questions, besides others that one may think of...
-
- 1.
Why did NOT Prophet (s.a.s) teach his Companions what to recite in
Zuhr and 'Asr prayers?
-
- 2.
Why the Companions did not ask the Prophet what they should recite in
Zuhr &'Asr prayers?
-
- 3.
Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari died in 260 A.H. Why did he find it necessary to repeatedly record these
speculative dialogues on the Zuhr and the 'Asr Prayers,
more than two centuries after the ADVENT OF ISLAM if
the subject matter was NOT a controversial issue, during his time?
May Allah Guide Us All to
His Unchanging Eternal Truth
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