Chapter Eight
WHO IS UPHOLDING
THE GLOBE?


MYTHOLOGY AND SCIENCE 

     Within the books of myths and fables published from the different parts of the world and in various languages there are dozens of mysterious characters upholding our Mother Earth, from time immemorial. These books do not tell us if these mighty personalities have been taking their turns at this perpetual mammoth task. However, we do learn from some of these legends that if one of the superhuman personalities was to sneeze, we the inhabitants of this earth would have a serious catastrophe called the earthquake, so believed some of our early ancestors. One can now say that these mighty celebrities were no match for this immortal Mother of ours. One by one they have slipped away into perpetual stupor. Only their images are left behind for us to peek into our past and reflect how imaginative the philosophers, writers and artists were of the era of magic and mythologies, who created them. 

       The days (and also the nights) of bizarre myths and obscure fables are long gone. We are presently living in the age of science. A question may be asked; Today, is there something scientific upholding the load of our continents? The answer is; Yes, they are called the Cratons. Having never before heard that name, an inquisitive mind may be tempted to ask; Are these the characters from some twentieth century science fiction movie or a story book? No, the Cratons are the tangible things. The modern geologists have discovered them. If you were to look for the  descriptions of these corporeal geographical materials in your daily usage English dictionary or one volume encyclopedia, probably your search may end up without an answer. It is one of those discoveries whose knowledge has been acquired not long ago. While I was doing the "spelling-check" of this particular text on my computer, the program recommended that I should replace the word "cratons" with "cartons".  I suggested my computer to "Learn" this word. 

THE CRATONS...

    Below are excerpts from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe, 1999 edition:

   "The most stable subdivision of continents is that of cratons. These old parts of continents have not withstood pronounced structural deformation since Precambrian time, which ended about 570 million years ago. Composed of ancient crystalline rocks that extend far downward, these so-called Archean basement rocks seem to be the stuff of which continents are chiefly made. Cratons, which occupy the greater part of every continent, have subdued topographies and lie close to sea level. Sometimes referred to as the nucleus of a continent, they date variously from about 200 million years back to 3.9 billion years. The shield areas provide a strong but not completely rigid foundation and are susceptible to broad wavelike warping. They are mostly free from modern volcanic and earthquake activity. Most shields are deeply eroded roots of ancient mountain belts. Some of the larger shield areas include the Canadian Shield of North America; the Guianan, Amazonian, and Platian shields of South America; the Baltic and Angara shields of Eurasia; the Ethiopian Shield of Africa; and the Indian and Australian shields."  (End of the excerpts). 
Explanation:  Briefly, the upper subdivisions of our continents upon which we reside are not as firm and stable as their counterparts below. The lower subdivisions called Cratons are composed of hard crystalline rocks that are pushed downward. These nuclei of the continents act as their rigid foundations. Yet, they are not totally rigid that would not permit the needed slackness during the volcanic activities. If one was to look at the shape of these gigantic Cratons they look like the shape of greatly enlarged "tent pegs or tent stakes". Analogically speaking, the purpose of these Cratons is very similar to the tent stakes that are firmly hammered into the ground by a tent pitcher, to uphold his tent from being blown away by the gusting winds. As seen in the earlier chapters, the Allknowing Author of the Quranic verses has been using simple easy to understand analogies from our daily lives to explain the complex scientific discoveries that were yet to be uncovered. The data and elucidation thereof was to come to the later generations.
 
Nay they charge with falsehood that whose knowledge they cannot compass even before the elucidation thereof hath reached them...  Holy Qur'an 10: 39
       It is recorded that the some of the famous early commentators of the Qur'an (e.g. Tabari of the tenth centry), used to acknowledge that it was not possible to comprehend true interprtations of some of the verses of the Qur'an and hence better to maintain the silence. To be honest, only after I read about the factual structures and the actual purposes of the Cratons, I stopped wondering what the true Message was behind the following verses of the Qur'an. 

TENT PEGS...

And we set mountains on the earth lest it should move with them...       Translation by Reverend J. M. Rodwell 

And We set in the earth firm mountains lest it should shake with them...  Translation by Arthur J. Arberry

And We have set on the earth mountains standing firm lest it should shake with them... 
          Translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali 

Transliteration:   wa- jacalnaa fe al- 'ard. rawaasiya 'an 
tamed bi- -him    Qur'an 21: 31

Have we not made the Earth a couch? 
And the mountains its tent-stakes? 
                             Translation by Reverend J. M. Rodwell

Have We not made the earth as a cradle, 
and the mountains as pegs? 
           Translation by Arthur J. Arberry

Have We not made the earth as a wide expanse 
and the mountains as pegs? 
            Translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Transliteration:  'a- lam najcal al- 'ard. mihaad(an) 

wa- al- jibaal awtaad(an)   Qur'an 78: 6 and 7
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 INDEX