Chapter Five

The Formation Of
Our Solar System


TWO  DISTINCT  OCCURRENCES...

    It may sound surprising to many a readers that the formation of our Solar System is a very recent occurrence compared with the origin of our Universe. The Universe is three times older than our Solar System. Recently discovered scientific hypothesis are that these are two distinctly separate occurrences and they happened billions of years apart.

Below are excerpts from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe, 1998 edition:

15 billion years ago: Beginning of the Universe

In the late 20th century most scientists believe that the universe came into existence as a result of an event known as the big bang. The theory was proposed in 1927 by the Belgian physicist Georges-Henri Lemaitre. The actual time of the event is estimated at between 10 and 20 billion years ago. 
4.6 billion years ago: Formation of the Solar System
Our solar system includes the sun, the Earth, eight other known planets, many moons and thousands, if not millions, of meteors, comets, and asteroids. It is believed to be about 4.6 billion years old. Many scientists believe it was formed from the gravitational collapse of a large cloud of dust and gas, such as those that exist between stars today. 
                                (end of excerpts)
Comment: There is one major difference between the narration of "Creation" as found under the 'Book of Genesis' in the Bible and the Glorious Qur'an. The Bible tells us that God Created everything within Six Days and rested on the Seventh. The Qur'an, in the opening verse of the chapter number 35, entitled "Fatir" (meaning, the Originator of Creation), tells us that Allah "adds" to His Creation as He pleases, from time to time, for Allah has power over all things. 

FORMATION OF PROTOPLANET

    The space scientists of our era have now more reliable methods for gathering the scientific evidences for the formation of the protoplanets. Their hypothesis are now based upon the data collected by the various space probes that have been successfully launched in the outer space. The prefix "proto" means;  first in time, original, primitive. 

   Two famous scientists; Astronomer Gerard Kuiper (1905 - 1973)  - the head of "Lunar and Planetary Laboratory" at the University of Arizona and Geologist Thomas Chamberline (1843 - 1928) - the author of Planetesimal Theory, have suggested the following  protoplanet hypothesis. 

Below are excerpts from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia Deluxe, 1998 edition:

The most widely accepted model for the origin of the solar system combines theories elaborated by Gerard P. Kuiper and Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin. Astronomers believe that about 4.5 billion years ago, one of the many dense globules of gas and dust clouds that exist in the galaxy contracted into a disk. The hot, dense center of the disk became our sun. The remaining outer material formed a spinning disk, called the solar nebula, which cooled into small particles of rock and metal that collided and stuck together, gradually growing into larger bodies to become the planets and their satellites.  (end of the excerpts)
    The elaborated theory states that a dense cloud of interstellar gaseous material and of dust that was already existing in the space contracted into a disk shaped solar nebula. The hot gaseous matter which was rotating and spinning in opposite directions became unified and concentrated and became the heat and light emitting protosun in the center. Due to the gravitational forces of that rotating protosun the remaining portions of the gaseous clouds and the clusters of solid matters formed themselves into protoplanets with their proto moons. The scientists also state that much of the matter from the outermost portion of that disk was blown away by the radiation. 

GOD'S HANDIWORK AND HARMONY

    The Qur'an reveals, as we shall soon see, that prior to the creation of protoplanets there was a kind of chaos and discord within interstellar matters. The contraction and union of these interstellar matters and the formation of our Solar System was not only Allah's preconceived Design but also a Divine Command to these aimlessly floating interstellar matters. Today, we call this harmonious and orderly unified astral system as  - the cosmos. The Greek work "kosmos" means harmony.  The Qur'an wants us to believe that all the matters, be they in their liquid, gas and solid forms, do willingly submit to Allah's Will. Furthermore, the results of such willing submissions are eternally blissful and concordant.

      Within the chemical terms "smoke" is the visible upward flowing hot gaseous matter or the rising cloud of fume often emitted from burning substances. The visibility of the smoke is proportionate to the density of the suspended particles of carbon within the emitted vapor, gas or fume. 

The Qur'an reveals:

Then He applied himself to Heaven, which then but was smoke: and to it and to the Earth He said, "Come ye, whether in obedience or against your will?" and they both said, "We come obedient." And He made them seven heavens in two days, and in each heaven made known its office...   Translation by Reverend J. M. Rodwell

Then He lifted Himself to heaven when it was smoke, and said to it and to the earth, "Come willingly, or unwillingly!" They said, "we come willingly." So He determined them as seven heavens in two days, and revealed its commandment in every heaven...    Translation by Arthur J. Arberry

Moreover He Comprehended in His design the sky and it had been (as) smoke: He said to it and to the earth: "Come ye together willingly or unwillingly." They said: "We do come (together) in willing obedience." So He completed them as seven firmaments in two Days and He assigned to each heaven its duty and command....
                          Translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Transliteration:  thumma istawaa 'ilaa as- samaa' wa- hiya 
dukhaan fa- qaala la- -haa wa- li- al- 'ard. i'tiyaa t.awc(an) 'aw karh(an) qaalataa 'ataynaa t.aa'icen fa- qad.aa -hunna sabc samaawaat fe yawmain wa- awh.aa fe kull samaa' 'amr -haa         (Qur'an 41: 11-12)

Commentary by Abdullah Yusuf Ali:
The idea I derive from a collation of the relevant Quranic passage is that Allah first created the primeval matter, which was as yet without order, shape or symmetry. This state is called Chaos as opposed to Cosmos in Greek Cosmogony. The next stage would be the condensation of this primeval matter, into gases, liquids, or solids: on this subject no precise information is given to us: it belongs to the real of Physics.
Comment: During the 1930's when the above commentary was written by Abdullah Yusuf Ali, the information on the subject we have today was unknown even to the astronomers and the geologists. The Glorious Qur'an is not a book of Science, but discovering the recently revealed scientific facts within it makes the reader rekindle his/her faith in the Creation Science and the Creator Himself.

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 INDEX